? It is the most common zoonotic infection in the world. The leptospirosis vaccine is not included with the regular core vaccines given routinely to dogs by many animal hospitals and instead may be recommended where geographic region or the dogs lifestyle is felt to put them at risk. GP4jSQ KXifV:X|##7(6;*Uyn*Vfn*isx8YN}o"v These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Rats are the most common . Most of the cases have been associated with staying in boarding kennel or dog day care settings. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. When buying cowboy boots, there are a few aspects to consider, such as how far up they go on your legs and their design. Prevention of leptospirosis includes vaccination, which protects against the four most common strains, and avoiding common sources of contamination. Most of the affected dogs either live in or had exposures in locations on the west side of the county or the San Fernando Valley. endstream endobj startxref Detection of antibodies against Leptospira serovars via microscopic agglutination tests in dogs in the United States, 2000-2007. In addition, the Following an analysis of more than 87,000 microscopic agglutination test results, researchers have created a predictive risk map for canine leptospirosis. Not all animals that are exposed to Leptospira become sick with the disease, and cases can be mild. The disease-causing bacteria can be found in water that has been contaminated by the urine of infected animals including raccoons, skunks, opossums, rats, deer, and other wildlife as well as pets or livestock. -->, 2021 AKC Canine Health Foundation | Privacy Policy | Site Map, Purchase a brick at the Purina Event Center, Grant 02380-A Estimating Prevalence and Identifying Risk Factors for Canine Leptospirosis in North America. 0 Know the risk factors for canine leptospirosis such as dog age, size, sex, geographical location, and season. Some of the data that are collected include the number of visitors, their source, and the pages they visit anonymously. 0 The report also notes that raccoons have been identified as major reservoirs of the pathogen in the U.S., and that up to 90 percent of urban rats shed the bacteria in their urine, indicating that dogs in urban, suburban, and rural environments may be equally at risk of exposure. The former lawyer is accused of murdering his wife and younger son in June 2021 on the family's estate as a . Murdaugh trial prosecutors cast him as a 'family annihilator' during closing arguments. Canine leptospirosis: Growing in effect and threat, by Pedro Pauliz, DVM, PhD, of the Western University of Health Sciences in Pomona, California, notes the incidence of infected dogs on the rise in the U.S. One study of 33,000 samples showed a 600-percent increase in dogs testing positive for the bacterium between 2000 and 2007. The canine disease presents as an acute infection of the kidney and liver and, sometimes, as a septicemia. Installed by Google Analytics, _gid cookie stores information on how visitors use a website, while also creating an analytics report of the website's performance. Leptospirosis is a disease that can affect the kidneys and other organs of animals as well as humans, and can even be fatal. CHICOPEE, Mass. This information is used to pick out ads delivered by the platform and assess the ad performance and its attribute payment. Get even more from Veterinary Practice News with a VPN Plus+ membership! Ive had a few discussions with people over the past week about geographic variation in disease risk. AKC Canine Health Foundation Leptospirosis Fact Sheet, The Increasing Threat of Canine Leptospirosis Keys to Diagnosis, Therapy, & Prevention. 04/30/2023 Exposures in 30 days prior to illness onset, specify if the patient had: Contact with animals (select all that apply) Rodents Dogs Cows Sheep/goats Pigs Horses No known contact Unknown Wildlife, specify: It depends. PHOTOS: Western Mass. from The Ohio State University on canine leptospirosis research with funding provided by the AKC Canine Health Foundation. The newer vaccines protect against up to four strains of leptospirosis, and they protect dogs for at least one year after vaccination. The test_cookie is set by doubleclick.net and is used to determine if the user's browser supports cookies. The array of signsand sometimes the lack of themcan present problems, making diagnosis difficult. Download and print this vaccination schedule to help keep your puppy on track for its first year of life! They can include fever, tender muscles, shivering, lethargy, inflamed eyes, loss of appetite, diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, jaundice, increased urination, and increased thirst. ]}pyzWx8%gM9ow8./.5.wNCy\*"?;oi}458l\\iWrQ8n]v]Oz/OC; e;,}*B In this study, cases were defined as dogs with clinical signs of leptospirosis and a positive diagnostic test that lived in Chicago, IL for at least four weeks before diagnosis. Public Health has made reasonable efforts to provide accurate translation. Vaccination history was available for 68 may be more likely to be diagnosed in Leptospirosis Outbreak in Dogs in Los Angeles County in 2021 Between the period of 2008-2020: 77 cases reported in dogs Case categorization based on LA County's leptospirosis case definition for dogs 48% confirmed 19% probable 32% suspected Vaccination history was available for 68 cases. There are studies showing the risk of vaccine-related adverse events is greater in small dogs compared to large dogs, but that is not just for the leptospirosis vaccine, Lunn says. cases. Humans exposed to infected floodwater can pick up the disease through a skin wound. Periods of heavy rainfall can make it easier to spread. CDC 52.98, Jan 2021 CS322227_A Page 2 of 2 Leptospirosis Case Report Form Form Approved OMB 0920-0728 Exp. With funding from AKC Canine Health Foundation (CHF)Grant 02380-A Estimating Prevalence and Identifying Risk Factors for Canine Leptospirosis in North America, Dr. Jason Stull and his team at The Ohio State University set out to answer these questions regarding leptospirosis in North America. Leptospirosis in dogs in Los Angeles County in 2021 In July 2021, Veterinary Public Health noted a large increase in reported confirmed and suspected canine leptospirosis cases. Know the risk factors for canine leptospirosis such as dog age, size, sex, geographical location, and season. were more likely to be affected than larger dogs (33-60, were more than 20 times more likely to be affected than dogs that had completed an appropriate, The high prevalence of leptospirosis in young dogs and small dogs in this study represents a change from the standard paradigm of. Dogs with respiratory issues may be less likely to survive. COVID-19 pandemic may have had an impact on Gloves should be worn if handling any urine. Based on these results, Dr. Stull provides the following recommendations to help prevent canine leptospirosis: The AKC Canine Health Foundation and its donors remain committed to advancing our knowledge ofcanine leptospirosis and other diseases. (WWLP) - States officials say there has been multiple cases of Leptospirosis reported in dogs in Massachusetts recently. Leptospirosis is responsive to antibiotics and complete recovery is possible, but some dogs that survive may be left with chronic kidney or liver disease. So that should also trigger a veterinarian to be suspicious of it., Pet owners with toy breeds or small dogs have been advised for years by breeders not to vaccinate their pets for lepto. o Since April 16, 2021 a total of 51 confirmed cases, and 24 probable cases of leptospirosis in dogs have been reported in in LA County. It indicates a need for further study, increased awareness of this disease among dog owners and veterinarians, and additional prevention efforts. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. vomiting and increased or decreased urination 1998 - 2023 Nexstar Media Inc. | All Rights Reserved. rats or mice, opossums and skunks. Support CHF-funded research at akcchf.org/donate. a person. raccoons, rodents), is passed in their urine, and survives well in moist, temperate climates. If caught early, the disease is treatable with antibiotics. Google DoubleClick IDE cookies are used to store information about how the user uses the website to present them with relevant ads and according to the user profile. hXnF}Lvu!1m=K%0]uj/gK& this disease to inform and improve communication among dog owners and veterinarians. backyard Regardless, were getting more information all the time and getting that out in the open is important. Hospitalization with IV fluids and management of electrolytes is often necessary initially. hYko80$4$-L3>6hkKG,0 (Canine Leptospirosis in the United States (2009-2016): Use of PCR Testing to Unravel Complex Spatial, Temporal, Human-and Animal-Level Risk Factors. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". A case-control study helps determine if a potential pathogen exposure is associated with a disease outcome. Leptospirosis is a public health concern because it's a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. %PDF-1.4 % cases was decreased. Even areas thought of as deserts can harbor leptospirosis. lepto occur after recreational exposure to contaminated lakes or streams, not from dogs. hbbd``b`S @eDl, Serovars refer to closely related microorganisms distinguished by a characteristic set of antigens. If you purchase a product through this article, we may receive a portion of the sale. AddThis sets this geolocation cookie to help understand the location of users who share the information. Initial symptoms in dogs can vary widely but often include lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea. Consider vaccinating your dog for lepto. . 155 0 obj <> endobj Leptospirosis diagnosis by MAT requires antibody levels that are typically present only after the first week of symptoms, many days after infection. OSU says it plans to appeal the jury's decision. Some dogs may not survive if the infection has caused significant organ damage or severely affected the ability of blood to form clots. September 2021. Which dogs are at greatest risk for infection or severe disease? States, about 100-150 cases are identified annually. Results The most prevalent outcome of leptospirosis in unvaccinated dogs was liver failure (57.8%) compared to 51.7% for kidney disease, but the most severe onset (90.8%) was found among the cases . How can we use this information to best prevent disease in dogs? In warm areas such as south Florida, though, risk remains steady year-round. The Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses offers information relating to zoonotic diseases (diseases transmitted from animals to people), including aspects of human and pet health, infection prevention and control, and vaccination. 2. In some recent cases, vets believe that dogs have picked up the disease in their own backyards, where infected wildlife have presumably passed through. The incidence is adjusted for human population, on the assumption that dog ownership trends are similar across the country. Signs can range from mild to severe, and sometimes become life-threatening. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 526 0 obj <>stream and lethargy, due to acute kidney injury, and they may also have liver involvement manifesting as jaundice, Lunn says. The types of dogs at risk, the types of areas where it typically occurs, and whether vaccinations are warranted are among the questions that vex veterinarians and pet owners alike. It can result in acute kidney injury, leading to chronic kidney failure and even death. In this study, cases were defined as dogs with clinical signs of leptospirosis and a positive diagnostic test that lived in Chicago, IL for at least four weeks before diagnosis. In the early stages of the disease, a patient may test negative for antibodies, and in later stages may test negative by PCR if organisms are no longer present in blood or urine, Lunn says. Controls were defined as dogs without a diagnosis or suspicion of leptospirosis also having lived in Chicago for at least four weeks. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. H2 Results were recently presented at the 2019 AKC Canine Health Foundation National Parent Club Canine Health Conference and are shared here as the latest epidemiologic data on canine leptospirosis in North America.Leptospirosis test results in the United States Examining over forty thousand test results during an eight-year period in the US, the prevalence of positive test results did vary from year to year, perhaps reflecting variations in a number of dog and environmental factors, such as recent precipitation needed to create the hospitable environment in which lepto can easily spread. lepto? Your dog should then receive a booster once a year. To improve testing capacity and to develop a fast and reliable solution for the diagnosis of this disease in the first few days after clinical manifestations, the National Reference Laboratory for Leptospirosis/WHO Collaborating Center in Brazil . 2010;237(3):293-298. They examined leptospirosis test results (data provided by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.) in the US from 2009-2016 and in Canada from 2009-2018. The AKC Canine Health Foundation and its donors remain committed to advancing our knowledge of, The next phase of his leptospirosis research will examine veterinary attitudes and practices regarding. Case categorization and pigs. required and the total amount of reported Even the thaw of snow or heavy rains can wash contaminated animal urine into streams and other bodies of water. endstream endobj 156 0 obj <. Canine Leptospirosis in the United States (2009-20169): Use of PCR Testing to Unravel Complex Spatial, Temporal, Human-and Animal-Level Risk Factors. For More Information Contact CDC Info: 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636)/TTY 1-888-232-6348. When looking at lab test results, I would think of leptospirosis in patients with acute azotemia, cholestatic liver disease, mild to moderate thrombocytopenia, and glucosuria with normal blood glucose.. Reporting Lepto Cases most commonly associated with kidney damage The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". (Serovars are closely related microorganisms distinguished by a characteristic set of antigens.) They may assume certain dogs arent at risk or their locales are free of the disease. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Thats because in the past, Lee says, the vaccine was very hot., It was a bacterin vaccine that had to stimulate the immune system, so it had more protein in it, she says. If we just plot the number of cases, places with a big dog population but low incidence of disease could have more cases than a true high risk area with a lower population, thus hiding the real risk. Additional treatments may include medications to protect the gut, prevent nausea and pain, provide nutritional support and manage blood pressure. Studies show a number of factors may impact lepto prevalence, including dog size and environment. Results were recently presented at the, Examining over forty thousand test results during an eight-year period in the US, the prevalence of positive test results varied from year to year, perhaps reflecting variations in a number of dog and environmental factors, such as recent precipitation, which helps create the hospitable environment in which, can spread. and muscle aches. %%EOF How can we use this information to best prevent disease in dogs?With funding from AKC Canine Health Foundation (CHF) Grant 02380-A Estimating Prevalence and Identifying Risk Factors for Canine Leptospirosis in North America, Dr. Jason Stull and his team at The Ohio State University set out to answer these questions regarding leptospirosis in North America. amount of total reported cases increased. Reduce your dogs exposure by avoiding (when practical) slow moving water and puddles even in an urban environment. The bacteria spreads throughout the body and affects organs, most notably the liver and kidneys. https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. the 4-way vaccines (protecting against 4 strains of the bacteria) are a better choice for protection than the 2-way vaccines. One unique finding in Canada is that dogs living in an urban setting were more likely to test positive forleptothan those living in a rural setting. We dont have great resources that say if you go here with your dog, this is what you need to be concerned about. I get questions about travel risks all the time, and its taken a lot of effort to get up to speed with risks in different regions (and I still have a lot of gaps). Dogs not vaccinated for lepto were more than 20 times more likely to be affected than dogs that had completed an appropriate lepto vaccination protocol. Gautam R, Wu C-C, Guptill LF, Potter A, Moore GE. Stay educated about the latest leptospirosis research through the AKC Canine Health Foundation and your local veterinary resources. The risk of adverse events can also be greater if multiple vaccines are given during a single office visit. Sometimes, however, the effects can be severe. Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. In humans, leptospirosis can cause many symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, jaundice, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rash. If vaccination is recommended, start when the dog is young and follow recommended protocols. Why Is the Approach to Rabies Titres in Humans Different Than in Pets? are looking to buy homes, MA man pled guilty to $30k in state benefits fraud, 3 teens charged after guns and drugs found in Chicopee, Technology in Massachusetts reduces wrong-way crashes, Lotterys January profits soar $40M above 2022, New ride coming to Six Flags New England in 2023, Healeys first budget themes: Spending increases,, Registration for Hooplandia now available, Senate lifts eight-year limit on presidents term, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. occurs with more frequency? They also conducted a case-control study on canine leptospirosis in the Chicago area. 'tD\FNbdhK hb```eS@(MvG-%`O]DmJ6C&O2@`` pSiS1biH {hLW73ma/33+f6;j3}Yc8=Ls0PkH 3 2 You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Positive test results were also more common in the fall season, although this seasonality varied in different regions of the country.Data analysis revealed the following risk factors for canine leptospirosis: Leptospirosis test results in Canada Examining 10,000 test results during a ten-year period in Canada revealed risks similar to those found in the US. However, no computerized translation is perfect and is not intended to replace traditional translation methods. Because the symptoms of lepto can be similar to some other conditions, your vet may need to use blood tests, urine tests, and imaging to make a diagnosis. There is a vaccine for dogs and the Department of Agricultural Resources recommends you talk to your veterinarian about getting it for your pet. What is leptospirosis? US Canine Influenza Outbreaks and Vaccination Decisions, Dr. Michelle Evason wrote a post on her K9 Lifetime Study blog, The dog didnt do it: SARS-CoV-2 transmission NOT from dog to human, Center for Food Security and Public Health, Disease Prevention at Canine Group Settings, University of Guelph Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph Centre for Public Health & Zoonoses. hb```a`` A2@qK~g(z(PmEGGGd46 4::`f*eXl\/$6qKdND:o8oNb3Pleg4w':Fz w@d` j=8V Together, we can ensure that all dogs live longer, healthier lives. They examined leptospirosis test results (data provided by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.) in the US from 2009-2016 and in Canada from 2009-2018. Veterinarians treat infected pets by administering specific antibiotics that can kill the [1][2]It can cause a self-limiting influenza-like illness or a much more serious disease. Leptospirosis is a public health concern because its a zoonotic disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans. However, it still provides some useful information. Examining over forty thousand test results during an eight-year period in the US, the prevalence of positive test results varied from year to year, perhaps reflecting variations in a number of dog and environmental factors, such as recent precipitation, which helps create the hospitable environment in whichleptocan spread. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. are variable and may include fever, severe headache, When they use sprinklers or have grass, it attracts wildlife to eat the grass and come to the watering hole.. SILVER LAKE, LOS ANGELES (KABC) -- There has been an increase in cases of canine influenza and leptospirosis since the initial outbreak in August, according to the Los Angeles Country. This e-book is a great resource for anyone who's considering dog ownership or already owns a dog. VETERINARIANS: Report a case of leptospirosis disease by using This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The pattern element in the name contains the unique identity number of the account or website it relates to. New vaccines, however, may be less likely to cause adverse reactions, according to some vets. The next phase of his leptospirosis research will examine veterinary attitudes and practices regarding this disease to inform and improve communication among dog owners and veterinarians. raccoons, rodents), is passed in their urine, and survives well in moist, temperate climates. In the past the leptospirosis vaccine was associated with causing adverse reactions more frequently than other vaccinations. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, which means there is the possibility for it to spread from mammals to people. Small dogs (less than 14 lb) were more likely to be affected than larger dogs (33-60 lb). In Dr. Moores lecture, he noted an increase in clinical cases in fall or early winter (September-December) could be attributable to greater raccoon activity during that period, due to dispersion of the years weaned offspring and the animals seeking habitat for winter. https://www.akc.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php. With funding from AKC Canine Health Foundation (CHF), Grant 02380-A Estimating Prevalence and Identifying Risk Factors for Canine Leptospirosis in North America, , Dr. Jason Stull and his team at The Ohio State University set out to answer these questions regarding leptospirosis in North America. The bacterial disease has been reported in both rural and urban areas of the state during the fall season, according to Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources. Do not swim in, walk in, or swallow water that may contain animal urine. including humans, dogs, rats, mice, raccoons, skunks, opossums, cows, Download for tips on how to be the best dog owner you can be. It is a zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals that is spread through urine-contaminated water such as stagnant puddles and ponds frequented by infected wildlife. Positive test results were also more common in the fall season, although this seasonality varied in different regions of the country. From a veterinary standpoint, the challenge is identifying issues that you wouldnt normally consider, because the disease is rare or non-existent in your practice area. %PDF-1.6 % endstream endobj startxref Leptospirosis can be found across the United States, though some regions may be more susceptible than others. The uuid2 cookie is set by AppNexus and records information that helps in differentiating between devices and browsers. In this study, cases were defined as dogs with clinical signs of leptospirosis and a positive diagnostic test that lived in Chicago, IL for at least four weeks before diagnosis. Results were recently presented at the 2019 AKC Canine Health Foundation National Parent Club Canine Health Conference and are shared here as the latest epidemiologic data on canine leptospirosis in North America. o+>= @m 6{[xE!uy`HFp$|Kkb#I;ttv| Kf"j|:S:dHl\siN/y9/+9m @"*5e#:=9=jiBOw)+'*Rk8,c#$n/m8K -. The site was initially set up with the help of funding from City. NZACPksDl; qcE5/j _Ku:E3|up;X&'=@OF sRoWi1R`$ Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. They also conducted a case-control study on canine leptospirosis in the Chicago area. What is Leptospirosis?Leptospirosis, often referred to as lepto, is a disease caused by infection with numerous different serovars of bacteria in the genus Leptospira. Straight Talk with Clients is a Critical Piece of the Adverse Food Reaction Puzzle, by June Hacker-Traiger, VMD, CCRP; Oradell Animal Hospital, Paramus, NJ Purina. "A7 `$XM H+ a>X29 2Qd Q8YO K It does not store any personal data. Risks vary within those regions too, and lepto vaccination discussions require some assessment of other risk factors as well (although I consider lepto vaccination a core vaccine in most of the green (and all of the blue) regions on this map). The incubation period, or the time between exposure to the organism and the appearance of symptoms, is about one week. As the human population grows and urban cities expand, however, is this still accurate? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Beyond overlapping signs, another reason it can be difficult to diagnose is that its not on the radar of many clinicians. If you suspect a rat or mouse infestation in your house, consult an exterminator. Infection occurs when the urine of an infected animal contacts the eyes, nose, mouth, or broken skin of another animal or 2009;73:167-175. Based on these results, additional testing to confirm a diagnosis is needed such as a PCR test, which looks for DNA of the Leptospira organism, and testing for antibodies. Leptospirosis can cause mild to severe disease. The bacteria require moisture to live but can survive in water, mud, or damp soil for months, especially in warmer climates. Leptohas historically been considered a disease of rural environments. Reduce your dogs exposure by avoiding (when practical) slow moving water and puddles even in an urban environment. Living in the Midwest and Southwest United States, Living in an area with more rainfall and moist conditions, Examining 10,000 test results during a ten-year period in Canada revealed risks, those found in the US. The JSESSIONID cookie is used by New Relic to store a session identifier so that New Relic can monitor session counts for an application. The classic cases have signs of vomiting, anorexia. Facebook sets this cookie to show relevant advertisements to users by tracking user behaviour across the web, on sites that have Facebook pixel or Facebook social plugin. } Canine leptospirosis was suspected in 11 dogs in Osaka Prefecture, Japan and 9 dogs died within a month, from October 12 to November 10, 2017. Most dogs with lepto are seriously ill A combination of testing modalities that detect the organism itself, and the immune response, is the best approach. The most common way dogs get leptospirosis is through water contaminated with urine, particularly stagnant or slow-moving water like puddles, ponds or lakes. 0-]s \_-\D03RepZL9= CHICOPEE, Mass. In humans, it can cause a wide range of symptoms, some of which may be mistaken for other diseases. Canine Leptospirosis Cases in New York City by Diagnosis Year, 2006 to 10/20/2021 Table 1. Leptospirosis to Listeriosis, Probable - 2021. Founded in 1884, the not-for-profit AKC is the recognized and trusted expert in breed, health, and training information for all dogs. Lepto is a zoonotic disease, affecting humans and animals, that is spread through urine-contaminated water, such as stagnant puddles and ponds frequented by infected wildlife. In his presentation on the disease at VMX in 2018, George E. Moore, DVM, DACVPM, DACVIM, of Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, cited research findings that dogs weighing less than 15 pounds were proportionately more likely to be diagnosed with the disease than dogs in other weight groups. And the dog that just goes outside for a few moments to urinate, if it sniffs wet grass or licks at a puddle contaminated with urine from a carrier animal, then it could be exposed.. Data analysis revealed the following risk factors for canine leptospirosis: Examining 10,000 test results during a ten-year period in Canada revealed riskssimilar tothose found in the US. Once cases and controls are identified, researchers look back in time to learn which subjects in each group had the exposure. 2019. Young dogs were more likely to be infected than older dogs and cases did occur in dogs six months of age or younger. Do not leave your pet's food and water outside at night. Thats because the organisms require moisture to survive. and pets being tested for this disease thus Chronic kidney disease is a common sequel of infection and abortions may . The American Kennel Club, Inc. 2022. pets being taken in for veterinary visits : ~ _M+vmr4+$~47]Cpt>sh8n%?@G. Smith, A, Arruda, AG, Wittum, T, and Stull, J. The sickness is often characterized by the sudden onset of fever, chills, myalgias, and headache and may include conjunctivitis .
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