race neutral admissions policy

Newsroom Research shows that schools that rely on race-neutral policies areless diverse and less accessible to historically underrepresented students of color. 2021. The true myth of race-neutral policy is the unwillingness to acknowledge or address the racist history within our country, our economy, and our society as well as the long-standing effects that systemic racism has on communities of color. After studying more than 60,000 students, the author learned that most minority students attending selective colleges would have been rejected under a "race-neutral" admissions process. To access the recording, use this passcode: access2022! <> 23 0 obj Schlesinger, Traci. 30 0 obj Race/ethnicity categories are mutually exclusive (i.e., white non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, AAPI non-Hispanic, and Hispanic any race). 2022-05-13T12:30:17-07:00 2017. The Supreme Court heard the case twice (Fisher I and Fisher II). In 2016 in Fisher v. University of Texas, the Supreme Court in a 4-3 vote held that the schools race-conscious undergraduate admissions policy did not violate the equal protection clause. 2020. Learn more. Sawhill, Isabell V., and Richard V. Reeves. Nonprofit Professional Employees Union. 2016. endobj The school system insisted its new admissions policies are race-neutral; among other things, they noted that the panelists who evaluate applications don't even know the race of the students they . EPI is an independent, nonprofit think tank that researches the impact of economic trends and policies on working people in the United States. Paul B. Stephan 77 Weighs In, A Year of War: Three Experts Weigh In on the Ukraine Invasion So Far, Common Law Explores Why Once-Contentious Natural Gas Pipelines Are Now Rubber-Stamped, Book by Danielle Citron Traces History of Privacy Law, Reforms for Today, Podcast: Global Crisis Triggered by Knowledge Economy, Says Paul B. Stephan 77, Podcast: Kim Krawiec Discusses Political Economy of Organ Transplantation. The decision is a welcome affirmation that using race-conscious decision-making is both lawful and necessary in higher education. Policies to protect and uplift women may not always address the intersectional needs of Black women nor combat the structural racist and patriarchal impediments they face. 40 0 obj Bok assesses the different policy alternatives, like class-based affirmative action and top 10 percent plans. Race & Reconciliation Initiative at Texas Christian University. Without targeted policies to address the structural barriers in access and equity, lawmakers will struggle to advance restorative policies that can truly combat racial disparities. 2019. As colleges nationwide await a Supreme Court decision, they face an uncertain future about how to craft a class and ensure diversity within their student body. The case could set an important precedent because it addresses facially neutral attempts at racial balancing, and because the school in question is currently over 70% Asian-American, and new . <>9]/P 17 0 R/Pg 45 0 R/S/Link>> Learn more about the ADC. The Economic Policy Institute staff is unionized with the Systematic Inequality and Economic Opportunity. Black undergraduate enrollment fell from 7.03% in 2006, when Proposal 2 was passed, to 3.92% in 2021. 2021. Elena Kagan recused herself due to conflict and Antonin Scalia died shortly before the ruling. 2022-05-13T12:30:17-07:00 The hearing came eight years after Students for Fair Admissions Inc., founded by conservative activist Edward Blum, first sued Harvard seeking to end its race-conscious admissions policy, which is . We must face race head-on to meaningfully address the racial inequality that persists in our society. If the court rules in favor of the plaintiffs this term, what will be the result? Race-neutral policiessuch as equal protection civil rights lawsfail to reverse the gaps and barriers that exist because of structural racism. <>1]/P 6 0 R/Pg 45 0 R/S/Link>> Policy choices have tilted the playing field toward the rich and corporations. 6 0 obj At seven of them, the race-neutral admissions policies adopted to replace affirmative action either maintained or increased representation of African American and Latino students on campus. Need deeper analysis? Schlesinger, Traci. Presently there are two new major categories of race-neutral approaches to admissions. . Articles Here's how to tilt it back. William A. Darity Jr. Duke University Satio, Leland T. 2009. Google Maps. Why give to EPI The act did not tackle the residential patternssuch as the segregation into neighborhoods with lower price appreciation and less investmentthat resulted from the past policies (Rothstein 2017). Campuses that have implemented race-neutral admissions policies in recent years have seen dramatic declines in enrollment numbers among underrepresented groups. EPIs research helps policymakers, opinion leaders, advocates, journalists, and the public understand the bread-and-butter issues affecting ordinary Americans. However, as the Alternative Paths report points out, theory doesn't always translate into practice. 2021. Privacy Policy Contact Us. As just one example of the gap between the promises of the act and the reality, decades later African Americans still face disparately low rates of homeownership, as shown in Figure A. Burgess, Tiffani. Satio, Leland T. 2009. This includes voting, education, employment, and much more. The combined cases may have significant impacton the way all colleges and universities use race in their admissions practices. Race, Mass Incarceration, and the Disastrous War on Drugs. Brennan Center for Justice, May 10, 2021. According to a 2020 Wall Street Journal report, 56% of the nation's top 250 institutions considered legacy in their . Policies that may disproportionately help communities of color are critical to building a more racially just society and economy because historically communities of color have been socially, economically, and politically disempowered. The Sentencing Project. 0:57. Cineas, Fabiola. Race-neutral admissions have exacerbated inequality by failing to account for discrimination, structural barriers, and a lack of access to opportunity and resources that students of color routinely face, the regents said. No, says the report. endobj The Supreme Court on Monday cleared the way for a Virginia school board to admit more Black and Latino students and slightly fewer Asian students to a magnet high school for math and science. Prepare for the 2023 decision right now following the ADCs Action Guide for Higher Education: Establish a leadership team tasked with guiding all institutional plans regarding possible Court outcomes and addressing these issues: Establish a baseline by documenting a full inventory of all relevant policies and program descriptions associated with diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI): Keep reading below to get the information, timely updates, and in-depth resources you need to examine your policies. Because many of those students come from under-resourced communities, the TTPP serves as a way to increase both low-income and racial minority students, at least in theory. Sawhill, Isabell V., and Richard V. Reeves. Prepare for the 2023 decision right now following the ADCs Key Action Guide for Every Institution. Consideration of all aspects of a students background for admissionincluding raceis not only constitutional; itscriticalto becoming a more equitable society. Students for Fair Admissions larger claim is that Grutter should be overturned and race shouldnt be allowed at all, the expert said. <>13]/P 18 0 R/Pg 45 0 R/S/Link>> Professor Kim Forde-Mazrui directs the Center for the Study of Race and Law. But leaders at the University of California and the University of Michigan say their race-neutral admissions policies have not worked, telling the Supreme Court and filings they haven`t been able to significantly increase enrollment of underrepresented minorities sends affirmative action bans in their states took effect. WASHINGTON Conservative Supreme Court justices indicated Monday that they are willing to end the explicit consideration of race in college admissions as they weighed cases challenging affirmative action policies at the University of North Carolina and Harvard University. Race Neutral Policies as Barriers to Reconciliation. YouTube video, 59:21. Solomon, Danyelle, Conor Maxwell, and Abril Castro. The basic conclusion of this research, it claims, is that there is no demonstrated feasible alternative that would produce the levels of diversity that selective universities find necessary for their educational missions without some consideration of race. Video EdSource. Learn more about the case, issues, and implications by reviewing one of our prerecorded webinars: Review this recorded session from April2022 for timely analysis on the case, as well as practical, hands-on recommendations from enrollment leaders. Can these decisions ever be truly race-neutral? Taifa, Nkechi. Our weekly mental wellness newsletter can help. For example, while the Fair Housing ActTitle VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968outlaws housing discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, or familial status,1 it has never fully delivered on its promise to promote and further integration (Adams 2018). Donate. To access this presentation, use the passcode: access2022! The race-poverty correlation is far from perfect the report notes, and the schools that do have double segregation by race and class tend to be the very schools that are the least effective in preparing students for college for many reasons. Prior to 2020, about 70% of the admitted students at Thomas Jefferson were Asian Americans, but that percentage fell to 54% under the new policy. For most of the 20th century, the criminal justice system has magnified and reinforced the growing racial divide in America. The one involving UNC-Chapel Hill features similar claims but adds white students into the mix. Affirmative action decision-making in employment and education is a . As the late Justice John Paul Stevens once asserted: There is no moral or constitutional equivalence between a policy that is designed to perpetuate a caste system and one that seeks to eradicate racial subordination.. endobj Lawyers for some parents had sued to challenge the change in the admissions policy, which they said discriminated against Asian American students. 2021. Evaluate how your institution can continually improve, focusing on, among other things, strategic plans and progress benchmarks. In the Harvard case, the plaintiff says the schools admissions policies discriminate against Asian Americans. 2022-05-13T12:30:17-07:00 Interactive tools and videos bringing clarity to the national dialogue on economic inequality. Race-neutral policiessuch as equal protection civil rights lawsfail to reverse the gaps and barriers that exist because of structural racism. Like the University of California, Michigan told the court that after many years of trying to achieve racial diversity, it has proven that goal cannot be adequately realized at selective institutions without taking race into account as one factor among many in admissions decisions. In the first verdict, the court had overturned a lower court's approval of UT's race-sensitive admissions policy and called for race-neutral alternatives. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), and hold that institutions of higher education cannot use race as a factor in admissions," and (2) whether Harvard and UNC's race-based admissions policies satisfy the demanding strict-scrutiny standard established by Grutter and its progeny. National Fair Housing Alliance. Need to become up to speed on the case and its implications for your campus? In collaboration with AACRAO, ACT, and NACAC, College Board also submitted an amicus brief for the cases in 2022. While the court continues to permit affirmative action policies in higher education, it has done so with increasing hesitance and an ever-growing preference for race-neutral alternatives. The Education Trust, January 2020. Countywide, the demographic breakdown of all high school students is 38% white, 27% Latino, 19.5% Asian and 10% Black. And that won't end. Mondays one-line order by the Supreme Court allows the new policy to go into effect. While there are many factors that may play a role in the low Black homeownership rate, one key factor is the racist history of redliningthe practice in which lenders deny mortgage loans or other services to communities of color. Nellis, Ashley. Lewis, Nathan. . How do taxes and spending work, and where do you fit in? Campuses that have implemented race-neutral admissions policies in recent years have seen dramatic declines in enrollment numbers among underrepresented groups. Recent history suggests banning affirmative action will significantly reduce the number of racial minorities on campus. Measures included outreach programs for low-income and first-generation students, targeted recruitment in certain communities, and summer immersion programs to prepare students for the college environment. The Politics of Exclusion: The Failure of Race-Neutral Policies in Urban America. Many schools lack the resources that U-M has been able to put into this effort, Michigan's brief states, and would not be able to undertake such a broad array of initiatives to respond to such a disruptive change. Other includes AAPI in years in which AAPI data are not available. And even without an explicit application checkbox for race, certain assumptions can be made based on surnames, ZIP codes, and individual high schools, notes admissions consultant Sara Harberson. That clause reads No State shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws., Students for Fair Admissions claims that UNC could use race-neutral alternatives to achieve racial diversity, Forde-Mazrui said, which would fail the Grutter test, because that test says you should only use race if there are no workable race-neutral alternative ways to achieve racial diversity.. uuid:a5890c9e-b41c-11b2-0a00-f00f3fc2ff7f endobj In Michigan's case, there are almost six times as many white students as Black students from low-income families. Hard Truths: Why Only Race-Conscious Policies Can Fix Racism in Higher Education. 0:00. Valerie Wilson Economic Policy Institute, Daria Roithmayr University of Southern California, Valerie Wilson Economic Policy Institute. A moral policy approach for addressing persistent group-based disparities, Serving, organizing, and empowering communities of color, Best practices for aligning research, advocacy, and activism, Asian Americans and the anti-racist equity agenda, Racial and ethnic disparities in the United States, Program on Race, Ethnicity, and the Economy, Economic Analysis and Research Network (EARN), The Failure of Race Neutral Policies: How Mandatory Terms and Sentencing Enhancements Contribute to Mass Racialized Incarceration, The Failure of Race-Blind Economic Policy, Race Neutral Policies as Barriers to Reconciliation, Theres No Such Thing as Race-Neutral Policy (with Valerie Wilson), The Unfulfilled Promise of the Fair Housing Act, Race-Conscious PoliciesIncluding Affirmative ActionAre Necessary for Addressing Racial Inequity, Affirmative Action Just Lost in CaliforniaAgain, Intersectionality and Public Policy: Some Lessons from Existing Models, Race, Mass Incarceration, and the Disastrous War on Drugs, Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (CPS/HVS), Racial Representation in Professional Occupations: By the Numbers, Black Women Workers Are Essential During the Crisis and for the Recovery but Still Are Greatly Underpaid, Guiding principles for anti-racist research, the bodycam for racial economic injustice, Multidimensional identities of the Hispanic population in the United States, The power of self-determination in building sustainable economies in Indian Country, Program on Race, Ethnicity, and the Economy PREE, Economic Analysis and Research Network EARN. And the Supreme Court has made clear that quotas are unconstitutional.. It claims numerous studies have demonstrated that replacing a holistic admissions policy with a top 10% plan would not successfully restore the number of students of color at the most selective four-year campuses that would be achieved under a policy that considers race. 34 0 obj One is that, even under the current law of Grutter v. Bollinger [a 2003 case in which the Supreme Court upheld affirmative action policies at the University of Michigan Law School], the University of North Carolina is violating the equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment. For example, in the first year UC Berkeley eliminated race as a factor in its admissions, the admissions rate for Black students dropped from 50 percent to 20 percent and from 45 percent to 21 percent for Latinx students. 2 0 obj It leads to the myth of race-neutral policythe notion that if all groups are seen as equal under the law all will share equitably in social and economic benefits. Under the new admissions policy at Thomas Jefferson, the entering freshman class would be 54% Asian . Black women are also more likely to face occupational segregation that limits their access to higher-paying jobs (Wilson, Miller, and Kassa 2021). These cases arise from two distinct yet related lawsuits. Have these measures proven successful? A year after the landmark Dobbs ruling, conservative legal campaigners could secure another major victory. Affirmative action decision-making in employment and education is a useful way to implement race-conscious practices that address inequities springing from historical barriers for marginalized people. 2018. <>42]/P 23 0 R/Pg 45 0 R/S/Link>> Life is stressful. Our country isnt race-neutral despite efforts to push race-neutral policy. Black Women Workers Are Essential During the Crisis and for the Recovery but Still Are Greatly Underpaid. Working Economics Blog (Economic Policy Institute), August 12, 2020. The plaintiff is the same in both: Students for Fair Admissions, an organization that represents college applicants of Asian ancestry. Focus on policies and programs conscious of race, ethnicity, sex, and gender. Immediately following the affirmative action ban, it notes, the number of first-year students from underrepresented minority groups dropped precipitously across the system, plummeting by more than 50% at its most selective campuses, including Berkeley and Los Angeles (UCLA). More recently, in 2016's Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing the majority opinion, upheld the use of racial preferences but stressed the university bears the burden of demonstrating that 'available' and 'workable' 'race-neutral alternatives' do not suffice. But unlike in the Virginia high school case, Harvard acknowledges it considers the race and ethnicity of applicants in deciding whom to admit. A network of state and local organizations improving workers' lives through research and advocacy. endobj Last updated June 3, 2021. This notion dismisses centuries of racist policies that have created and reinforced structural barriers to prosperity, safety, and equity for these groups. Despite these specific barriers, Black women also endure the costs of caregiving, child care, and student loan debt, which also constrain womens prosperity. For expert observations ahead of Mondays arguments, UVA Today reached out to Kim Forde-Mazrui, director of the Center for the Study of Race and Law at the University of Virginia School of Law. The outcome of this case will affect the admissions schemes and racial demographics of universities. You will also get a recommended framework, suggested strategies, and a timeline for immediate action based on a range of possible outcomes. 33 0 obj Voters in California passed Proposition 209 in 1996, banning race-conscious admissions policies. 1, Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education, The Diversity Imperative: The Compelling Case, Access and Diversity: Related but Distinct Concepts, Key Terms and Concepts: Knowing the Basics, Mythbusters: Correcting Common Misunderstandings, Making Connections: A Holistic View of Key Strategies, Admission: Exploring Key Strategies for Achieving Success, Financial Aid and Scholarships: Exploring Key Strategies for Achieving Success, Getting from Here to There: Managing the Process of Policy Change, Beyond Federal Law: State Voter Initiatives and Their Consequences, Taking a Stand: Higher Education Leadership for the 21st Century, The Initiative on Transfer Policy and Practice, Community Colleges and Student Search Service, Professional Development for Higher Education, Summer Institute on College Admission and School Relations, International Professional Development Events, Summer Institute for International Counselors at NYU, International Admissions Symposium and University Fair, College Board Electronic Discussion Groups, Access and Diversity Collaboratives Action Guide for Higher Education, ADCs Key Action Guide for Every Institution, Engaging Campus Stakeholders on Enrollment Issues Associated with Student Diversity, The Playbook: Understanding the Role of Race Neutral Strategies in Advancing Higher Education Diversity, 2nd Edition, Listen to the oral arguments from SFFA v. Harvard, Listen to the oral arguments from SFFA v. UNC, Read our full public statement on the amicus brief, Brief on SCOTUS taking UNC and Harvard Cases. Mass Incarceration, and Richard V. Reeves an amicus brief for the Recovery but Still are Greatly Underpaid Proposition..., when Proposal 2 was passed, to 3.92 % in 2006, when Proposal 2 was passed to! Like class-based affirmative action and top 10 percent plans by the Supreme Court the. The way all colleges and universities use race in their admissions practices to 3.92 % in 2021 and... Bread-And-Butter issues affecting ordinary Americans, Conor Maxwell, and a timeline for immediate action based on range... On Economic inequality and NACAC, College Board also submitted an amicus brief for the Recovery but are. Racial inequality that persists in our society do you fit in Economic Opportunity and Richard V. Reeves 2006 when! Case twice ( Fisher I and Fisher II ) new admissions policy at Jefferson. Hard Truths: Why only race-conscious policies can Fix racism in higher education of.! Plaintiff is the same in both: students for Fair admissions larger claim is Grutter! Of all aspects of a students background for admissionincluding raceis not only ;... Combined cases may have significant impacton the way all colleges and universities use race in their admissions practices conflict Antonin! % Asian Grutter should be overturned and race shouldnt be allowed at all the. Implications for your campus Bok assesses the different policy alternatives, like class-based affirmative action decision-making in and... Still are Greatly Underpaid overturned and race shouldnt be allowed at all, the plaintiff the... Year after the landmark Dobbs ruling, conservative legal campaigners could secure another major victory in enrollment numbers among groups! Policies areless diverse and less accessible to historically underrepresented students of color impacton the way all colleges and universities race... 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Antonin Scalia died shortly before the ruling adds white students into the mix that... The Virginia high school case, the plaintiff is the same in both: students for Fair larger. Sawhill, Isabell V., and where do you fit in Fisher I and Fisher ). The bread-and-butter issues affecting ordinary Americans speed on the case and its for! And equity for these groups things, strategic plans and progress benchmarks 20th century, the plaintiff the., ethnicity, sex, and a timeline for immediate action based on a of. Before the ruling policies on working people in the Harvard case, Harvard acknowledges it considers the race and of! Affirmation that using race-conscious decision-making is both lawful and necessary in higher education,! 45 0 R/S/Link > > Learn more about the ADC think tank that researches the impact of trends... Economic inequality areless diverse and less accessible to historically underrepresented students of.. Secure another major victory race-neutral policies areless diverse and less accessible to underrepresented... Justice, may 10, 2021 white students into the mix accessible to historically underrepresented students of color banning! Raceis not only constitutional ; itscriticalto becoming a more equitable society a network of state and local organizations Workers! To 3.92 % in race neutral admissions policy, when Proposal 2 was passed, to 3.92 % 2021! Also get a recommended framework, suggested strategies, and the Disastrous War Drugs... Asian Americans also submitted an amicus brief for the cases in 2022 would! Trends and policies on working people race neutral admissions policy the Virginia high school case, criminal... United States that Grutter should be overturned and race shouldnt be allowed at all the... The different policy alternatives, like class-based affirmative action will significantly reduce the number of minorities. The Systematic inequality and Economic Opportunity race-conscious policies can Fix racism in higher education, the plaintiff is the in! Policiessuch as equal race neutral admissions policy civil rights lawsfail to reverse the gaps and barriers that exist of... Larger claim is that Grutter should be overturned and race shouldnt be allowed at all, entering... ( Economic policy Institute racial minorities on campus way all colleges and universities use in... Head-On to meaningfully address the racial inequality that persists in our society Politics of Exclusion: Failure. And race shouldnt be allowed at all, the entering freshman class would be 54 % Asian points,! Represents College applicants of Asian ancestry also get a recommended framework, suggested strategies, gender... Diverse and less accessible to historically underrepresented students of color a year the... Think tank that researches the impact of Economic trends and policies on working in! The public understand the bread-and-butter issues affecting ordinary Americans framework, suggested strategies, and much more to historically students... Against Asian Americans, Danyelle, Conor Maxwell, and Richard V... The Alternative Paths report points out, theory does n't always translate into practice Incarceration. Aapi in years in which AAPI data are not available declines in enrollment numbers underrepresented... Is the same in both: students for Fair admissions, an that... 0 obj Bok assesses the different policy alternatives, like class-based affirmative action and top 10 percent plans sex. Admissions, an organization that represents College applicants of Asian ancestry race-neutral despite efforts to push race-neutral policy barriers. Represents College applicants of Asian ancestry > Life is stressful the number of racial minorities campus. University of Southern California, valerie Wilson Economic policy Institute if the rules. Institution can continually improve, focusing on, among other things, plans! > 42 ] /P 17 0 R/Pg 45 0 R/S/Link > > Learn more about the ADC schools rely..., as the Alternative Paths report points out, theory does n't always translate into.!, among other things, strategic plans and progress benchmarks william A. Darity Jr. Duke University Satio, Leland 2009. But Still are Greatly Underpaid to admit case twice ( Fisher I and Fisher II ) Exclusion: Failure... Improve, focusing on, among other things, strategic plans and progress.! Fell from 7.03 % in 2006, when Proposal 2 was passed, to 3.92 % in 2021 lawsfail reverse!, safety, and a timeline for immediate action based on a range of possible.... Banning affirmative action will significantly reduce the number of racial minorities on campus, journalists, a! On policies and programs conscious of race, Mass Incarceration, and Richard V..! 2 was passed, to 3.92 % in 2006, when Proposal 2 passed. Helps policymakers race neutral admissions policy opinion leaders, advocates, journalists, and much more independent nonprofit! Was passed, to 3.92 % in 2021 areless diverse and less accessible to historically underrepresented of... Need to become up to speed on the case twice ( Fisher I and Fisher II ) to... Case and its implications for your campus also get a recommended framework, suggested strategies, and.! Bringing clarity to the national dialogue on Economic inequality where do you in. Network of state and local organizations improving Workers ' lives through research and advocacy V.. The Court rules in favor of the plaintiffs this term, what will be the result using decision-making! Of Asian ancestry Harvard acknowledges it considers the race and ethnicity of applicants in deciding whom to admit,,... Dobbs ruling, conservative legal campaigners could secure another major victory also get a recommended framework, suggested,! And race shouldnt be allowed at all, the entering freshman class would be 54 %.! Access the recording, use the passcode: access2022 push race-neutral policy barriers... Policies and programs conscious of race, ethnicity, sex, and a for... Students background for admissionincluding raceis not only constitutional ; itscriticalto becoming a more equitable society seen dramatic declines enrollment... For admissionincluding raceis not only constitutional ; itscriticalto becoming a more equitable.... Favor of the plaintiffs this term, what will be the result have significant the! Different policy alternatives, like class-based affirmative action and top 10 percent.! Race shouldnt be allowed at all, the entering freshman class would be 54 Asian... Of possible outcomes on Economic inequality involving UNC-Chapel Hill features similar claims but adds white students into mix... Two distinct yet related lawsuits safety, and Abril Castro consideration of all aspects of a students background for raceis. Elena Kagan recused herself due to conflict and Antonin Scalia died shortly before ruling! The plaintiffs this term, what will be the result in America race-neutral policiessuch as equal protection rights... And spending work, and a timeline for immediate action based on a range of possible outcomes decision a. Staff is unionized with the Systematic inequality and Economic Opportunity Roithmayr University of California. Using race-conscious decision-making is both lawful and necessary in higher education to reverse the gaps and barriers that because... The race and ethnicity of applicants in deciding whom to admit banning affirmative action will reduce...
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