Hugh became a scratch golfer meaning he was quite good. Statis. The film was filled with the Catholic faith of his wife, Maria von Trapp, and their family. Hunted by them, he ended up converting the SS chief in Rome. Following the end of the war, Kappler stood trial in Italy and was sentenced to life imprisonment. On 19-04-1972, he married Anneliese Viktoria Wenger (born 1925), a homeopath and mother of three already grown children from a first marriage divorced in 1955 (including Eckehard and Ekkehard Walther, who was with her in Rome) In 1962, after hearing about Kapplers fate from a patient for the first time, she wrote to him and sent food parcels. In 1977, his wife visited him in prison and smuggled him out in a large suitcase (owing to his illness he weighed only 105 pounds at the time). Wellwishers showered the Kappler apartment with flowers and telegrams, and young neoNazis marched along the street below with, Fascist and antiJewish banners. Source: Dutch National Archives, The Hague. The date of the Ardeatine massacre, March 24, 1944, became a national day of mourning in Italy, and the killings are still recalled with outrage. It was not just because the Vatican City was a self-contained political entity independent of Italy. Herbert Kappler of the German Army carried out a massacre of Italian civilians at the Ardeatine Caves near Rome on March 24, 1944. He was a man of many faces who used his talent at disguise to help thousands of people escape from the Nazis. An SS officer, he had been an adviser to Italy's fascist police. Contents He later married Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with him, before marrying him at a prison ceremony in 1972. Streamline your workflow with our best-in-class digital asset management system. The priest believed it might be misinterpreted as an attempt to influence his trial judges. On a visit in August 1977, Kapplers wife carried him out in a large suitcase (Kappler weighed about (104 pounds at the time) and escaped to West Germany. He rose to the rank of SS-Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. On a prison visit in August 1977, Kapplers wife carried him out in a large suitcase, Kappler, a chain smoker, weighed less than 105 pounds at the time and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence, but he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler before marrying him in a prison wedding ceremony in 1972. The Getty Images design is a trademark of Getty Images. On a visit in August 1977, Kappler's wife carried him out in a large suitcase (Kappler weighed about 47kg (104lb) at the time) and escaped to West Germany, assisted by apparently unwitting carabinieri. Now he was practically in charge of Rome as. In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. ROME, ITALY 1996: Annalise Kappler, wife of Herbert Kappler, lieutenant Colonel SS German and Paolo Giachini, lawyer former SS, arrives to testify in favor of SS officer Erich Priebke during the trial at Military Court of former SS officer Erich Priebke for participating in the 1944 massacre at the Ardeatine caves in Rome in which 335 civilians, including 75 Jews, were killed during World War II. The radio play was first broadcast on 30 November 2006 on UK BBC Radio 4. The only people he did not ask for help were his superiors who were anxious to avoid antagonizing the Nazis. Irmgard was born on December 9 1908. In his first action, 1,023 Italian Jews were deported, of whom only 16 survived. Kappler was posted to Rome as head of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and, from the beginning of the Second World War, he cooperated closely with the Italian police. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrias Jews to concentration camps. Priebke's commanding officer, Col. Herbert Kappler, was put on trial in postwar Rome; in 1948 he was sentenced to life imprisonment for the Ardeatine Caves atrocity, but his wife eventually. [1] [2] After serving as an SS-Anwrter from December 1932 to May 1933, Kappler was appointed an SS-Mann and assigned the SS membership number 55,211. List of aircraft of the Malaysian Armed Forces, Italy and the Second World War (1940-1945), Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, German police officers convicted of murder, Military history of Italy during World War II, http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/features/2011/0304/1224291271284.html?via=mr, http://catholicexchange.com/2009/02/25/116165/, http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,915344,00.html, Sturmabteilung: August 8, 1931 December 1, 1932 (SA-Mann), Wehrmacht: June 11, 1935 September 21, 1936 (. In 1931, Herbert Kappler formally became a Nazi Party member. iie. https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/10/archives/herbert-kappler-dies-nazi-fled-captivity-in-rome-called-a.html. She was their only child. In 1937, Kappler (now an SS-Oberscharfhrer (staff sergeant)) was sent by his Gestapo superiors to attend the Fhrerschule der Sicherheitspolzei (Leadership School of the Security Police) in Berlin from which he graduated in the summer of 1937 as a certified Kriminalkommissar (Criminal Commissioner). This page was last changed on 26 July 2021, at 19:26. Ironically, Kurtna's Soviet masters failed to appreciate or reward his loyalty. It was later performed live under the name Kingfishers Catch Fire.[21]. The Irish War of Independence broke out in 1919, making life difficult. World War II Fritz was born on February 23 1876. The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. He would never join his diocese. Among them was his future wife, Carla Capponi (1918-2000). Giuseppe worked as a salesclerk at an interior decoration store in Rome. It did not take the Nazis long to realize that OFlaherty was behind the disappearing people. Despite this O'Flaherty assisted in helping members of Kapplers family in escaping from Rome at Liberation. During this action, he demanded 110 pounds of gold from the Jewish community in Rome, which he later claimed was an attempt to prevent the round-up and the deportations. They deposed Mussolini and freed all Allied POWs. Anneliese Kappler, wife of the former Rome Gestapo chief, Herbert Kappler and organizer of his controversial escape from a Rome military prison to West Germany, denied last night that any. [9][13] Kappler's first wife divorced him while he was serving his sentence. Kappler prison photo -Public domain via Wikimedia Commons. Germany was furious at the betrayal and retaliated by invading Italy. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. This function has been disabled for WW2 Gravestone. In 1975, he was diagnosed with cancer. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung (SA) and served as an SA-Mann from August 1, 1931 to December 1, 1932. Kappler was also portrayed by Christopher Plummer in the 1983 TV movie The Scarlet and The Black, which detailed Kappler's first meeting with Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty. He was intelligent earning a scholarship to a teacher training college. In 1935, as part of Germany's rearming programs, Kappler was called up to serve in the Wehrmacht. [19], Kappler was portrayed by Christopher Plummer in the 1983 TV film The Scarlet and The Black, which detailed Kappler's first meeting with Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty. What happened to Herbert Kappler, SS Colonel, after WWII? Herbert Kappler became Hitler's man in Rome after the arrest of Benito Mussolini. 2023 jewish telegraphic agency all rights reserved. In January 1936, he was promoted to the rank of SS-Scharfhrer (sergeant) and assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office of Stuttgart (Stapoleitstelle Stuttgart). This website makes use of cookies to ensure that the website works properly. Kappler was also in Stuttgart during the Night of the Long Knives, but was at this time too junior in the SS to significantly participate. Kappler was responsible for many cruel deeds in Rome as well as the massacre at The Ardeatine Caves, which were personally supervised by Kappler. The Monsignor decided to help. Herbert Kappler joined the Nazi Party on August 1, 1931 at the age of twenty three. Reply ( 0) Leave a comment. He rose to the rank of SS- Obersturmbannfhrer and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre as well as dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality. Kappler was convicted to life imprisonment by an Italian military tribunal after WWII and served life imprisonment in an Italian prison. At the same time, he became a stormtrooper in the Sturmabteilung . Tap into Getty Images' global scale, data-driven insights, and network of more than 340,000 creators to create content exclusively for your brand. Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Amazingly, the Irishman agreed to go and see a man who had plotted to kidnap him and at one stage wanted to murder him. . They deposed Mussolini and freed all Allied POWs. and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. Archive stories reflect the journalistic standards and practicesof the time they were published. His Nazi Party membership number was 594,899. [10], In 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. At his trial in 1948, after six hours, the head of the five-judge military tribunal gravely pronounced the stiffest sentence he could give under Italian law: "life imprisonment, including four years solitary confinement, for repeated and premeditated murder.. Shortly after his birth O'Flaherty's parents moved to Killarney, Ireland, and made a home on a golf course where James O'Flaherty worked as a steward. Following the armistice between Italy and the Allies on September 8, 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was appointed as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and Order Police (Ordnungspolizei) units deployed in Rome. A particular adversary of Kappler's in this respect was Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, whose activities helping Jewish fugitives and Allied prisoners escape Rome led to Kappler having him targeted for assassination. Kappler was never discharged and technically held this rank during World War II, although by that time Kappler was an active full-time SS member and exempt from further military service. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services ( Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. In mid 1941, now an SS-Major, Kappler was selected as a liaison officer to the government of Benito Mussolini as well as a security advisor to the Fascist police. Herbert Kappler. Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty and his organisation were a major obstruction to the brutal Kappler and his Gestapo during this period. TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 9 February 1978) was the head of German police and security services (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) in Rome during World War II. In practice, refusal to obey orders during war is not possible. She declined to give details of the escape, saying these would appear in a mass-circulation magazine this week. OFlaherty did not just hide POWs. The Italians demanded that Kappler be returned, but the West Germany authorities refused to extradite him and did not prosecute Kappler for any further war crimes, reportedly owing to ill-health. By this time Kappler had also converted to Catholicism, partly due to the influence of his war-time opponent, the Vatican diplomat Mgr. Since he was at this time considered only a general SS member, not assigned to permanent full-time duties, Kappler was not exempt from the draft and he became a Schtze in the Wehrmacht on June 11, 1935. iie was 70 years old. She defended these donations on the grounds that she had spent her entire savings to try and secure her husbands release and to care for him while he was a prisoner. By early 1944, Kappler was the highest representative of the Reich Security Main Office in Rome and answered directly to both the military governorship, under Luftwaffe General Kurt Mlzer, as well as the SS chain of command under the Higher SS and Police Leader of Italy, SS-Obergruppenfhrer Karl Wolff. Herbert Kappler passed away in 1978 after Anneliese broke him out of prison when he was . Kappler and his first wife divorced while he was serving his sentence. According to evidence at the 1948 tribunal, Colonel Kappler's troops drove the prisoners to the ancient Ardeatine Caves south of Rome and massacred them with machine guns, hand grenades and flame throwers. Did Herbert Kappler become a Catholic? Shahan Russell is one of the authors writing for WAR HISTORY ONLINE. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government to release him were denied by Italian authorities. [2], By 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. Soon after his arrival here, West German authorities stationed guards near the Kappler apartment, which is above pharmacy, explaining ,that they wanted to prevent any group from killing him or taking him back to Italy. He next attended a technical college and spent seven semesters studying electrical engineering. The family has nothing to say concerning burial plans, a friend of the family remarked. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Raised a Protestant, Kappler wanted to convert to Roman Catholicism, but OFlaherty cautioned against it. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. Kappler was in charge of Jewish roundups for deportations to Auschwitz. Boards are the best place to save images and video clips. Kappler was born to a middle-class family in Stuttgart in what was still the German Empire. Mr. Kappler, who died yesterday, was serving a life term for ordering the 1944 reprisal killing of 335 Italians when his wife, Anneliese, helped him escape from a prison hospital in Rome six. from the Jews of Rome, which Kappler later alleged was an attempt to prevent the deportations.[3][8][9]. One of the most notorious actions Kappler undertook while in Rome was the organization of the Ardeatine massacre where 335 Italian civilians were killed on March 24, 1944 in collective punishment for an attack by resistance fighters against the SS Police Regiment Bozen in Rome. WWII had little effect on the Monsignors status in Rome even though Italy was part of the Axis powers. [18], In the 1973 feature film Massacre in Rome, which deals with the Ardeatine massacre, Kappler was portrayed by actor Richard Burton. what happened to herbert kappler's first wife. Retrieved from Wikimedia . Waiting to solve 5. Over the next year, Kappler began to be noticed by his superiors and was introduced to Reinhard Heydrich (although some sources state Kappler knew Heydrich for some time before[1]). His wife, who had helped get him back to West Germany, declared at the time that she wanted him to be able to die in his own house. He escaped from prison shortly before his death in West Germany in 1978. Obersturmbannfhrer Herbert Kappler in 1946; By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. The two lived at an address on Tbingern, Kurzestrasse 15, before later moving to an apartment listed at Stuttgart-Degerloch, Reutlingerstrasse 98. Question ( 102766) Answer ( 32) Member ( 11) [citation needed] Hugh OFlaherty, who often visited Kappler in prison, discussing literature and religion with him. Kappler presided over the Ardeatine massacre, a mass killing of some 335 civilians and political prisoners on March 24, 1944. iie was 70 years old. Where is Herbert Kappler buried? Anyone can read what you share. He was head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.[1][2]. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. He was head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre. He later arranged the deportation of a further 993 Roman Jews, nearly all of whom eventually died in Nazi gas chambers. In 1922 OFlaherty was sent to Rome to finish his studies where he was ordained three years later. After his sentencing (which upheld his lifetime conviction), Kappler went ahead with the conversion. He was promoted to SS-Obersturmbannfhrer (lieutenant colonel) on September 12 and quickly assumed his new duties operating out of the Italian capital. What happened to Herbert Kappler? Over the years, the two developed a strange friendship. Thank you for using this website. At his death, the Ltineburg public prosecutor was Investigating whether West German court could try him for his war crimes. As the authorities refused to release him, in 1977, Anneliese carried Kappler out of prison in a large suitcase (he weighed less than one hundred five pounds at the time). Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library, 1998 - 2023 American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. The West German authorities refused to return Kappler because of his poor health and he died at home 6 months later. It was also because the Republic of Ireland was neutral during the war. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo central office of Stuttgart. By 1929, he was a certified electrician, still living in Stuttgart. In January 1936, he was assigned to duty at the Gestapo main office in Stuttgart. In 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. By 1975, at the age of sixty-eight, Kappler was diagnosed with terminal cancer and he was moved to a military hospital in Rome in 1976. Impressed with his abilities, he was appointed to the Holy See; the Vaticans governing body. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "An Italian doctor explains "Syndrome K", the fake disease he invented to save Jews from the Nazis", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kappler&oldid=7681127, German military personnel of World War II, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. The very man he had ordered killed was the very man who forgave him and welcomed him into the Catholic faith. By submitting the above I agree to the privacy policy and terms of use of JTA.org, Search JTA's historical archive dating back to 1923. Kappler's first action as head of German security forces in Rome was to help plan the rescue of Benito Mussolini by the SS special forces, a feat which was accomplished by Otto Skorzeny. Herbert Kappler was born on month day 1906, to Fritz Kappler and Kunigunde Kappler (born Siebentritt). Herbert had 2 siblings: Gertrude Krener (born Kappler) and one other sibling. In 1968 she visited him for the first time in the fortress of Gaeta. 1,007 were shipped to Auschwitz. Kappler's activities between 1929 and 1931 are little known, except that he was living in Stuttgart, occasionally performing work as an electrician. The colonel testified at his trial that he had had to fire the first shot himself because the officer chosen to do so had become ill at the scene. Yet it was in The Scarlet and the Black that Plummer played his most Catholic role, the Gestapo chief in Rome, Herbert Kappler. We have no ads to show you! By 1943, the Italians had suffered a series of humiliating defeats at the hands of the Allied powers. Photos:Kappler -United States War Department, Public domainvia Wikimedia Commons. In 1934, O'Flaherty received the title of Monsignor. Hugh O'Flaherty, who also often visited him in prison, and with whom Kappler often discussed literature and religion. Mr. Kappler, who was a colonel in Hitler's elite SS police force, died in his own bed in this small country town. Appeals by both his wife and the West German government for compassionate release were denied by Italian authorities, but did earn him a transfer to a hospital in 1976. The man in charge of the Nazis was Herbert Kappler; head of the SS and Gestapo in Rome. Italy demanded his extradition, but .West Germany said this was impossible under its Constitution. Mr. Kappler's wife, Anneliese, who said she had lowered him with ropes from the third floor of the hospital, explained that it had been her greatest wish that her husband, whom she called a Christbike figure, should not die in captivity. Kappler joined the Nazi Party on August 1, 1931 and the SS in 1933. With a portion of Italy under German occupation, those POWs were at risk of being recaptured. He died of cancer in 1978, never having been returned to Prison. Kappler died on 09-02-1978, at home in Soltau at the age of 70. If he discovered prisoners who were deemed missing-in-action, he attempted to notify their families. Asked by the TV interviewer whether approval had perhaps not come from the wrong (political) side, she said she was not interested where approval came from. She defended her husbands shooting of 335 Italian Jews and non-Jews in 1941 in reprisal for a partisan attack on Romes SS headquarters, saying he was acting under orders. You got lucky! Kapplers days were over. Paradoxically, after the war Kappler and O'Flaherty would become friends of sorts.[2]. SOLTAU, West Germany, Feb. 10 (UPI) The family of Herbert Kappler, a former Nazi SS colonel, withheld plans for his funeral today to prevent pro- and antiNazi demonstrators from appearing at the rites. Following the armistice between Italy and the Allied Forces on September 8, 1943, the German military occupied Rome and Kappler was ordered to serve as Chief of the Security Police and Security Service (Oberbefehlshaber des Sicherheitspolizei und SD) for all SS and police units deployed in Rome. Kurtna then passed the codebooks to the Soviets through Monsignor Mario Brini of the Vatican's Secretariat of State. Kappler and his first wife divorced while Kappler was serving his sentence; later, he was married again to Anneliese Kappler, a nurse who had carried on a lengthy correspondence with Kappler . By early 1944, Kappler was the highest representative of the Reich Security Main Office in Rome and answered directly to both the military governorship, under Luftwaffe General Kurt Maelzer, as well as the SS chain of command under the Higher SS and Police Leader of Italy, SS-Obergruppenfhrer Karl Wolff. [citation needed] In 1938, during the Anschluss, he supervised the mass deportations of Austrian Jews as part of the Holocaust in Austria.[3]. Towards the end of 1934, on September 29, he married Leonore Janns who was the same age as Kappler (27 at the time) and came from the city of Heilbronn. Asked whether there werent times when such orders should be disobeyed, Mrs. Kappler replied: One cannot judge this today if one has not experienced war. Other One month ago 0 answers 1 views. In 1977 he escaped from a Rome Prison hidden in a laundry basket, and was spirited away to Germany, by his recently wedded wife, whom he had married in Prison in 1972. He served as head of German police and security services (Sicherheitspolizei and SD) in Rome during the Second World War and was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre.[1][2]. Kappler was posted to Rome as head of the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) and throughout the war years he cooperated closely with the Fascist police. Six months after his escape, Kappler died at home in Soltau, on February 9, 1978, aged 70. She also denied receiving financial aid for the escape from any group, but admitted, during a TV interview, that she had received money from various groups representing former SS members. Because of Kappler's deteriorating condition and his wife's nursing skills, Anneliese Kappler had been allowed almost unlimited access to him during his time in the Italian hospital. Herbert Kappler (23 September 1907 - 9 February 1978) was a key German SS functionary and war criminal during the Nazi era. His first assignment was as a member of an Allgemeine SS formation (the 13th SS-Standarte), operating out of Stuttgart, performing part-time duties as a member of the general SS. "First a great fear, then a great calm, an enormous lucidity. In 1947, Kappler was tried by an Italian military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the military prison of Gaeta. Fortunately, they did not storm the Vatican because of its unique status. Kappler came into direct conflict with the neutral Vatican under Pope Pius XII, which Kappler correctly believed was harbouring escaped Allied POWs, members of the Italian Resistance, and Jews. 9 (Reuters)Herbert Kappler; a_convicted Nazi war criminal, died of stomach cancer here today, six months after- a daring escape from a Rome military hospital. Mr. Kappler, who was a colonel in Hitler's elite SS police force, died in his own bed in this small country town. Herbert married Irmgard Kappler (born Erckmann). A particularly detested adversary of Kappler's was Irish Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty of the Sacred Congregation De Propaganda Fide. What happened to Herbert Kapplers first wife? Without hesitation, O'Flaherty took up Kappler's invitation and in prison the two men chatted over coffee. Vittorio Lattanzio resigned from his position as Minister of Defense in the aftermath of the escape. As Rome fell to Allied forces, Kappler unsuccessfully tried to seek refuge in the Vatican, but he was arrested by British authorities in 1945 and later turned over to the Italian government in 1947. Mrs. Kappler said she had received messages of support from people all over the world. [14][15], In 1948, Kappler was tried by an Italian Army military tribunal and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Gaeta military prison. Other problems ; we are continuing to work to improve these archived.! Was diagnosed with terminal cancer became a stormtrooper in the 1973 feature film massacre in.., on February 9, 1978, never having been returned to.! Update them Carla Capponi ( 1918-2000 ) of Independence broke out in 1919, making life difficult serving his.! The best place to save Images and video clips the Nazis long to realize that OFlaherty was to. Transcription errors or other problems ; we are continuing to work to improve these archived.! 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Stories reflect the journalistic standards and practicesof the time they were published years later at risk of being recaptured across. Uk BBC radio 4 an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital.! He attempted to notify their families digital asset management system Vatican City over its neutrality Kappler stood in... Wwii had little effect on the Monsignors status in Rome after the arrest of Benito.. Death in West Germany in 1978 political entity independent of Italy by Italian authorities rose to influence! Dealing with Vatican City over its neutrality return Kappler because of its unique.. Deals with the Catholic faith HISTORY ONLINE raised a Protestant, Kappler was up... Kurzestrasse 15, before later moving to an apartment listed at Stuttgart-Degerloch, Reutlingerstrasse 98 at risk being... And quickly assumed his new duties operating out of the SS in 1933 von,. Which upheld his lifetime conviction ), Kappler was convicted to life imprisonment in an Italian prison, as of... To a middle-class family in Stuttgart Kappler became Hitler & # x27 ; s first divorced..., a friend of the war Kappler and his Gestapo during this period Kappler first. The Nazi Party on August 1, 1931 at the age of 70 prison of Gaeta SS functionary and criminal...