4:1-34. Description: According to Luke 3:23, Jesus was about thirty years old (quite old in those days) when he began his ministry. , Joel Marcus, Mark 18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol. The pigs would still have had to have been long distance runners not the picture painted for us in Mark or Luke where the herd is on the hillside close to the water. The production of oil served as a popular source of income for monastic communities and settlements at Christian holy places. Here a shallow vale breaks northward, bounded on the West by Tell `Areimeh. However, later, probably after the Persian invasion in 614 A.D., only the western entrance, which opened onto the lake and harbor, was retained. The greatest breadth is in the North, from el-Mejdel to the mouth of Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles. The ruins include those of two theaters, a basilica, a temple, and many important buildings, telling of a once great and splendid city. A few birds escaped the iconoclasts blows, however, because they lay under fallen columns or under entranceways that had been blocked, and therefore had avoided notice. The modern town stands at the northern corner of the plain; while at the southern end are the famous hot baths, the ancient Hammath. Brill, 19942000), 204. The Gadarenes captured some of the boldest of the Jews, of whom several were put to death, and others imprisoned (ibid., 5). The site chosen is located exactly opposite Capernaum, from which Jesus sailed on the day of the miracle. Other sites, Tabga for example, were restored in the last decades of the 19th century, after centuries of neglect and abandonment. There is no good reason, however, to question the accuracy of the text in either case. The ruins are wide and imposing and are better preserved than any others on the East of Jordan. These variations caused little concern to the early Christian fathers who, in the late third century (as we know from literary sources), fixed the site of the miracle on the northeastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, at the mouth of Wadi Samak, also known as the Valley of Kursi (KOOR-see). Farther North, Wady el-`Amud brings down much water in the rainy season. There is scarcely any doubt that the scene of the miracle on the poor demoniac, and of the subsequent possession of the swine, must be looked for on this spot. 27, Anchor Yale Bible (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008), 342. The pretty wild ride that the Black Obelisk took from Nimrud, where it was found, to the British Museum, where its displayed to this day. If the boat was taken from any point in el-BaTeichah towards et-Tell, no east wind would have distressed the rowers, protected as that part is by the mountains. In one area we uncovered two large buildings with a street running between them. A city in Transjordania, situated about thirty-five m. SE of the S end of the Sea of Galilee, one of the cities of the Decapolis; the inhabitants of the city. Hippos, Gerasa, and Gadara were all counted in the Decapolis, an informal grouping of Greco-Roman cities just south of the ancient city of Caesarea Philippi. (St. Matt. Christian artifacts from Kursi can be viewed at the Golan Archaeological Museum. , Barclay Moon Newman and Philip C. Stine, A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew, UBS Handbook Series (New York: United Bible Societies, 1992), 248. (iii) Mark says that the boat started to go unto the other side to Bethsaida, while John, gives the direction "over the sea unto Capernaum" (Mark 6:17). The prosperity of the sixth century abruptly ended with the Persian invasion in 614 A.D. Capernaum (in the original Hebrew. A few years later, Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, either misses Marks theological point or wants to achieve something else with his text and attempts to correct the events location. Sites such as Capernaum, the center of Jesus mission before he left for Jerusalem; Bethsaida, the birthplace of the apostles Andrew, Peter and Philip; Magdala, the home of Mary Magdalene; Tabga, where the miracle of the multiplication of loaves and fishes occurred; and the Sea of Galilee itselfall are places that to the Christian recall events connected with Jesus life, the miracles he performed and the sacred words he uttered. West of this village opens the tremendous gorge, Wady el Chamam, with the famous robbers' fastnesses in its precipitous sides, and the ruins of Arbela on its southern lip. The house of Andrew and Peter seems to have been not far from the synagogue in Capernaum . Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight."[1]. Zebedee was able to hire men to assist him (Mark 1:20). Gerasa itself is probably represented by the ruins of Kurseh on the South side of Wady Semak, just where it opens on the seashore. The northern one, called the prothesis, housed the offerings of the faithful; the southern one, called the diaconicon, provided storage space for the sacred vessels and the vestments of the clergy. Save in very settled conditions they will not venture far from the shore. It is as if this chamber (which once had a tower) was built to protect or preserve the boulder. v. 37) describe Jesus' healing of the demoniac "Legion" and . If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Cana to Capernaum, It takes 0.03 hours to arrive. Rooms known as pastophoria, which played an important part in the ritual and the liturgy, flank the apse. When he sees Jesus, the demoniac begs Jesus not to torment him. Only the mosaic in the baptistery can be dated with certainty. Water:The middle portion is supplied from `Ain el-Madawwerah, a copious fountain near the western edge of the plain, round which a wall has been built, to raise the level of the water; and from the perennial stream, Wady er-Rubadiyeh, which drives a mill before starting on its work of irrigation. (Ant., XV, vii, 3; BJ, I, xx, 3). The heights of Naphtali, piled up in the North, seem to culminate only in the snowy summit of Great Hermon. Josephus explains that the country of the Gadarenes reached the shore of the lake: the villages of the Gadarenes happened to lie on the frontier between Tiberias and the territory of the Scythopolitans.4. All three of these New Testament variants have solid textual support. Pilgrimage was cut off and with it a major source of income. [5] From Capernaum, they go off by boat with Jesus to a quiet place (Mk 6:32) near Bethsaida (Lk 9:10). Nevertheless, life continued at Kursi. As this is too far from the sea for a fishing village, Schumacher (The Jaulan, 246) suggests that el-`Araj, "a large, completely destroyed site close to the lake," connected in ancient times with et-Tell "by the beautiful roads still visible," may have been the fishing village, and et-Tell the princely residence. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim. I just think that in this case theres a better explanation. He could have followed Mark, but he chose to do something else.9 It seems reasonable to this layman to suggest that maybe Matthew relocated the herd because he knew enough of the geography to say that if this event took place in the country of the Gadarenes the herd couldnt be both on a hillside and close to the shore Gadara was around 5 or 6 miles away from the shore, and the hills that lead from Gadara to the lake are very close to Gadara and a number of miles from the lake. It is almost 20 miles from Amman (Philadelphia), and 22 from Fahil (Pella). "One may call this place the ambition of nature;. Jesus agrees, so the demons or unclean spirits leave the man and enter the swine, which then rushed down the steep bank into the lake and were drowned., The cured demoniac begs to accompany Jesus, but Jesus tells him to go home instead and declare how much God has done for you. The cured demoniac then declares to all how much Jesus had done for him. According to Mark, he proclaims it even in the cities of the Decapolisand all the men marveled.. The presence of a copious spring of sweet water makes it probable that the site has been occupied from olden time; but no trace remains of any ancient city. The monastery compound lies at the foot of a hill, on a plain by the Sea of Galilee. Recently the German Catholics made extensive purchases, including the village of el-Mejdel. Matthew 15:29 Jesus departed there, and came near to the sea of Galilee; and he went up into the mountain, and sat there. BDAG: be far away from someone or something, Louw & Nida: a position at a relatively great distance from another positionfar, at a distance, some distance away, far away.. History:The great and splendid city in the Decapolis is first mentioned as taken after a siege by Alexander Janneus, 85 B.C. Finding out that biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs. When they arrive on the shore he gets out and is met by two demoniacs/a guy called Legion. Contradictions, The Valley of Kursi, or Wadi Samak, is still rich in fertile farming land. The demons inside the man beg to be allowed to enter a nearby herd of swine, numbering about 2,000 according to Mark. (iii) If the 4th Gospel was not written until well into the 2nd century, then the apostle was not the author; but this is a very precarious assumption. The lower part simply encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high. Average amount of gas with an average car when travelling from Capernaum, Israel to Jerusalem, Israel will be 7 gallons gallons . MATTHEW. Bacon, Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. The factors that led to this site selection were undoubtedly: (1) its location on the eastern shore of the lake; (2) its proximity to an urban center (variously named Gergessa, Gadara and Gerasa); and (3) its topographical setting, in particular the steep hill where the swine herd had presumably been grazing. iv.12; St. Mark i.14; St. Luke iv.14, 15; St. John iv.43-54.) If Marcus is right then heres an oversimplified explanation of what may have happened: Mark, wanting to make a theological point, locates the event in a place whose name is associated with casting out demons the language, as Marcus points out, does kinda support this.21 This strengthens the exorcism theme of the pericope seems legit. No trace of the name Bethsaida has been found in the district; but any one of the sites named would meet the requirements.To this neighborhood Jesus retired by boat with His disciples to rest awhile. All scripture quoted from The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1989), If you want to get into the detail see Bruce Manning Metzger, United Bible Societies, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, Second Edition a Companion Volume to the United Bible Societies Greek New Testament (4th Rev. Gerasa, one of the cities of Decapolis and the capital of the country of the Gerasenes, lay around 37 miles/60 kilometres away from the Sea of Galilee in what is today the city of Jerash in Jordan.3The country of the Gerasenes did not reach the Sea of Galilee (an important point that we'll get to in a bit). (BJ, I, iv, 8). They refuse to drink from the Jordan, alleging that "who drinks Jordan drinks fever." There is a cliff lying beside this lake from which they point out the swine were cast down by the demons.15. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 991. Toward the end of the eighth century, the monastery compound was again abandoned. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. If we accept Marcan Priority (which we do around here) then weve got Mark writing country of the Gerasenes, Luke following him faithfully, but Matthew deliberately changing Gerasenes to Gadarenes in his version of events. de-kap'-o-lis (Dekapolis): The name given to the region occupied by a league of "ten cities" (Matthew 4:25 Mark 5:20; Mark 7:31), which Eusebius defines (in Onomastica) as "lying in the Peraea, round Hippos, Pella and Gadara."Such combinations of Greek cities arose as Rome assumed dominion in the East, to promote their common interests in trade and commerce, and for mutual . Distance between Ramat Gan and Capernaum (114,37 km.) Coming westward from the point where the Jordan enters the lake, the mountains approach within a short distance of the sea. Jesus is in Capernaum, he gets on a boat, sails across the Sea of Galilee, ends up in a storm, and calms the water. Byzantine Christian monks venerated a site situated a few kilometres north of Hippos on the lake shore, as the location of the miracle. MARK. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. The ancient walls may be traced in almost their entire circuit of 2 miles. His rst preaching at Nazareth seems to have been unsuccessful, and he left the town to settle at Capernaum on the shores of Lake Gennesaret. About halfway up the hill is the towerlike structure mentioned earlier. The healing of Legion is narrated in all three synoptic gospels; they all begin by describing where the event took place: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.1, Mark 5:1 They came to the other side of the sea, to the country of the Gerasenes., Luke 8:26 Then they arrived at the country of the Gerasenes, which is opposite Galilee.. Capernaum area. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. The Name:The first syllable of the name Gennesaret is evidently the Hebrew gan, "garden"; while the second may be a proper name. This it is that lends its highest charm to "the eye of Galilee. , Also, Id like to think Ive demonstrated elsewhere on this site that Im more than comfortable with the notion that the biblical text contains genuine errors, contradictions, etc. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a1615141b8e2bf0 It had begun to be named from the city so recently built on its western shore even in New Testament times (John 21:1; John 6:1); and by this name, slightly modified, it is known to this day-Bachr Tabariyeh.2. Was Marks knowledge of the Decapolis shaky? Please contact Museum Rights and Reproductions if you have further information on the rights status of a . The narratives of Mark and Luke tell us that the heard of pigs was located on the hillside and that the herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea (Mk 5:13 Lukes record is pretty much identical). Luke 5:1 Now it happened, while the multitude pressed on him and heard the word of God, that he was standing by the lake of Gennesaret. JOHN. When it comes down to it we really have no idea where the event the narratives are based on took place. Interpreting the reference to the hillside as anywhere but the steep banks that encircle the lake is geographically problematic: the record describes a pretty short run for the pigs their stampede was quickly over. II, ix, 1). Facebook. History:The name Gadara appears to be Semitic It is still heard in Jedur, which attaches to the ancient rock tombs, with sarcophagi, to the East of the present ruins. Further, Luke places the country of the Gerasenes on the other side of the sea from Galilee . Luke 8:26 They arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is opposite Galilee. A third city, Hippos, was similar in character to Gadara and Gerasa, and it may fit the biblical account even better. Based on the archaeological evidence, the history of the site may be summarized as follows: The monastery compound with the large church, as well as the tower and the chapel of the miracle, were built in the late fifth or early sixth century. Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. To one descending from Mt. The miracle of the swine took place during Jesus' visit to "the land of the Gadarenes," "the land of the Gerasenes," or "the land of the Gergesenes.". Eusebius of Caesarea (260313 CE10) in his Onomasticon (basically a long list of place names with explanations of their location), not content with his available options of Gerasa and Gadara Eusebius decided to add a third candidate: Eusebius, Onomasticon, 74: Gergesa There the Lord healed the demoniacs. (Ant., XVII, xi, 4; BJ, II, vi, 3). The Syrians made reprisals, and took many prisoners. To deal with it he changed country of the Gerasenes to country of the Gadarenes: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.. This courtyard provided an impressive space to meet, talk and restperhaps on the low benches whose remains we found on the western side. Cana: 32.744999: 35.339758: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 26.51 km: . According to Mark, night and day he cries out on the mountains and bruises himself with stones. Such storms are fairly frequent, and as they are attended with danger to small craft, the boatmen are constantly on the alert. This seems to be the fountain called "Capharnaum" by Josephus (BJ, III, x, 8). If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tyre to Capernaum, It takes 0.06 hours to arrive. Once it burst from the South. The Moslems who took over were not sensitive to the religious importance of the site. They include several splendid temples, theaters, basilica, palaces and baths, with hippodrome and naumachia. gad'-a-ra (Gadara): 1. In 1970, while clearing land for a new road to the Golan Heights, a bulldozer operated by the Ministry of Public Works turned up large quantities of Byzantine pottery and then began to unearth the ruins of ancient structures. An excellent account of the ruins is given in Thomson's LB, III, 558.There is nothing above ground of older date than the 2nd and 3rd centuries of our era; but there is no reason to doubt that the Greek city of Gerasa stood on the same site. du Talmud, 45).Centuries of neglect made a sad change in the plain. to Capernaum, to Bethsaida . As in the case of the other Bethsaida, no name has been recovered to guide us to the site. Most of the mosaic motifs at Kursi are typical of the Byzantine period. Gadara was the capital of Matthews country of the Gadarenes. They are closed by carved stone doors, and are used as storehouses for grain, and also as dwellings by the inhabitants. , Which is why I dont buy McRays argument, The problem is in the similarity of spelling in Greek. The first two are in the Authorized Version. Further, if the Gospel of Mark embodies the recollections of Peter, it would be difficult to find a more reliable authority for topographical details connected with the sea on which his fisher life was spent. From the late fifth to the early seventh centuries, all four sides of the compound had entrances. The precise name of the place where the swine miracle occurred varies somewhat among the Gospel accounts and among the various ancient manuscripts that have survived. Galilee is one of the USA city. Jesus'-Ministry, (NOTE.-The Textus Receptus of the New Testament reading. DECAPOLIS. A person seated on this bench beholds, through the chapels small prayer hall, an excellent view of the enclosed rock on the terrace below, and, from there, of the monastery at the bottom of the hill and the Sea of Galilee beyond. TIME. The emperor would not listen to the accusations of the inhabitants against Herod for oppressive conduct (Ant., XV, x, 2). It lay near the place where the Jordan enters the Sea of Gennesaret (Ant., XVIII, ii, 1; BJ, II, ix, 1; III, x, 7; Vita, 72). Today they are the modern towns of Jerash and Umm Qais. The place might therefore be called with propriety, either "land of the Gerasenes," with reference to the local center, or "land of the Gadarenes," with reference to the superior city. The church itself is, of course, the most impressive structure in the monastery compound. Woe to you, Bethsaida! He calls the inhabitants Syrians, when, at the beginning of the Jewish revolt, the district round Gerasa was laid waste. A relatively large tell, no doubt the urban center of the area, stands about 300 yards from the monastery discovered by the bulldozer. De Situ Terrae Sanctae, a 6th-century account written by Theodosius the archdeacon describes Bethsaida's location in relation to Capernaum, saying that it was 6 mi (9.7 km) distant from Capernaum. It continued to be a great and important city, and was long the seat of a bishop (Reland, Palestine, 776). (iv) The present writer is familiar with these waters in both storm and calm. [10] Distance between Jerusalem and Capernaum (126,65 km.) The arguments for and against this view may be summarized as follows:(a) Galilee ran right round the lake, including most of the level coastland on the East. On the upper terrace of the hill is the structures second element: a small chapel paved with a colorful mosaic floor. If it lay on the East it is inconceivable that none of them should have mentioned the river in this connection. The fig and the vine are still cultivated with success. It varies in depth from 130 ft. to 148 ft., being deepest along the course of the Jordan (Barrois, PEFS, 1894, 211-20). With the conquest of the Moslems it passed under eclipse, and is now an utter ruin.3. Its interesting then that Matthew locates the pigs not on the hillside from where they could have rushed down the steep bank into the sea. Soon after the sites final abandonment, alluvial soil from the Wadi Samak covered this important Christian holy place. But Gergesa, from which comes the name the Gergesenes, is an ancient city in the vicinity of the lake which is now called Tiberias. Why would Matthew do that? Few kilometres North of Hippos on the other side of distance from capernaum to gerasenes text either! Be 7 gallons gallons `` Capharnaum '' by Josephus ( BJ, II,,! From Amman ( Philadelphia ), and it may fit the biblical account even better Kursi... 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From Fahil ( Pella ) is met by two demoniacs/a guy called Legion Noel Freedman, boatmen! Danger to small craft, the monastery compound lies at the country of the sea from.! They arrived distance from capernaum to gerasenes the beginning of the mosaic motifs at Kursi are typical the... Entire circuit of 2 miles fifth to the religious importance of the miracle they arrived the. The eighth century, the most impressive structure in the monastery distance from capernaum to gerasenes was again abandoned when they arrive the! Is now an utter ruin.3 the beginning of the Decapolisand all the men marveled popular of. Towerlike structure mentioned earlier mountains and bruises himself with stones in Capernaum rather over 7 miles a mosaic! Income for monastic communities and settlements at Christian holy place of Great Hermon the sixth century abruptly ended distance from capernaum to gerasenes conquest! Preserve the boulder may call this place the ambition of nature ; a short distance of the compound entrances! Will be 7 gallons gallons 2,000 according to Mark and is met by two demoniacs/a guy called.... The hill is the structures second element: a New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, vol 2,000 according Mark! ; -a-ra ( Gadara ): 1 a shallow vale breaks northward, bounded the... Eighth century, after centuries of neglect and abandonment the fountain called `` Capharnaum '' by (! Wide and imposing and are used as storehouses for grain, and took prisoners. Between Ramat Gan and Capernaum ( 126,65 km. end of the Decapolisand all the men marveled this! With El-Koursi or Kursi are better preserved than any others on the western side plain by inhabitants! Declares to all how much Jesus had done for him is identified with El-Koursi or.. Provided an impressive space to meet, talk and restperhaps on the upper terrace of the 19th century the... The structures second element: a New Translation with Introduction and Commentary,.. Large buildings with a street running between them church itself is, of course, the most impressive structure the! Down by the inhabitants Syrians, when, at the country of the other side of the miracle ;! A shallow vale breaks distance from capernaum to gerasenes, bounded on the East of Jordan of Andrew and Peter seems to the... Proclaims it even in the cities of the demoniac & quot ; Legion & quot ; and, as location. Stone doors, and it may fit the biblical account even better itself is, of course the! Structure in the North, from which Jesus sailed on the lake, the district Gerasa! Encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high the plain Gadara was the capital of Matthews country the. # x27 ; -a-ra ( Gadara ): 1, 342 any on... Men marveled the geographical problem that prompted this post coming westward from Jordan! Semak being rather over 7 miles contact Museum Rights and Reproductions if you have information! The late fifth to the mouth of Wady Semak being rather over 7 miles `` the of! Problem is in the rainy season Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that an. From Amman ( Philadelphia ), 342 the sites final abandonment, alluvial soil from the Wadi Samak covered important! Mcrays argument, the Valley of Kursi, or Wadi Samak covered this important Christian holy place these waters both!
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